Once the translator has coped with this obstacle, the most frequent translation difficulties are of a semantic and cultural nature: "Linguistic untranslatability" (cognates, i.e. Afterwards, Salinger struggled with unwanted attention, including a legal battle in the 1980s with biographer Ian Hamilton and the release in the late 1990s of memoirs written by two people close to him: Joyce Maynard, an ex-lover; and Margaret Salinger, his daughter. Holden's isolation is expressed in the fact that while Stradlater goes out on a date, Holden is all alone in his dorm room, doing homework for his roommate. Holden says he fought on D Day. Latest answer posted April 14, 2021 at 10:45:43 AM. The hat represents distance from society and insecurity. When he finally gets around to writing Stradlater's composition, he only does it because he is thinking about his dead brother and sees how he could write that "descriptive composition" about Allie. In 1951 Salinger released his novel, The Catcher in the Rye, an immediate popular success. To present the main features of the Modernist Period; To point out all the aspects that influenced the writer J. D. Salinger to write the prominent work The Catcher in the Rye. Supplementations of parts of speech are characterized by several factors: difference in structures of the sentences and that short English sentences demand spread translation in the Romanian language.
About what did Holden write Stradlater's composition? - Answers The Catcher in the Rye. [18]. Holden's deep unresolved sadness over the loss of his brother, a person he tells us was better than him,who should not have died at such as young age, indicates that he feels a sense of guilt over being alive Holden questions why he should still be here, when he brother, who was smarter and kinder than him should be dead.One of the central Indeed, they force us to look for a set of somehow Romanian equivalent expressions or structures in order to capture all these elements in our own translation. The practical chapter will single out examples of translation difficulties from the sourse language English and target language Romanian. | Once the idiom has been recognized and understood, the task is not yet finished: in the contrary, one could say that has just begun. Such idioms lend themselves easily to manipulation by speakers and writers who will sometimes play on both their literal and idiomatic meanings. The Catcher In the Rye are both among the most important novels of the twentieth century. Holden tears the composition up and throws it away angrily. 2009, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/when-holden-writes-composition-for-stradlater-in-73535. Modernists shared a common purpose. First and foremost, Stradlater strikes Holden as a "hotshot," which in his lexicon is another word for "phony.". You'll be billed after your free trial ends. If you had a million years to do it in, you couldnt rub out even half the Fuck you signs in the world. The author wanted to show that with a kind of symbols, like religion or loneliness, life can be happy: a better life is possible. But lying to others is also a kind of phoniness, a type of deception that indicates insensitivity, callousness, or even cruelty. And it is quite natural that this matter covers a wide range of examples. "When Holden writes composition for Stradlater in "The Catcher in the Rye, does that represent isolation? These two criterias identify the needs for a good knowledges in English in some of its branches of science. The Catcher in the Rye is a work written by J. D. Salinger that from different points of view combine some types of translation difficulties. The Modernist period is a time of the late XIXth and XXth centuries that was marked by the work of the great writer that activated during this period. None of their constituents may be substituted with words of similar meaning. Afterward, he smokes a cigarette in the room . 3, 16 July 1951, 20-1. He doesn't say yes directly because he doesn't want to write it for him. This shows that Holden wants to save him and other people from growing up one day. The examples for this type of translation difficulties could be seen from the first page of the novel where the author uses all the meanings of the word hell such as: This word is one of the first words that is used with a lot of meanings and that is one of the type of translation difficulties in The Catcher in the Rye.
Davis's LA Timeline Part 1 | Preceden Throughout the novel, Holden struggles through teenage life because he cannot accept the given responsibilities that come with growing up. . What did Holden write a composition about? It is probably caused by conversion and easiness in formation of new words in various ways, heterogeneity of languages vocabulary and some other reasons. Nevertheless such cases are not always losses in translation. The main reasons for the novels extensive banning refer to the colloquial and slang language used by Holden Caulfield and to the books sexual content. Holden then tears up the composition in anger, and they get into a fight. That's a deer shooting hat.. An idiom or fixed expression may have a similar counterpart in the target language, but its context of use may be different; the two expressions may have different connotations, for instance, or they may not be pragmatically transferable. Holden has isolated himself in an attempt to be his own savior, but Mr. Antolini's image of falling presents a more accurate image of what awaits Holden on the other side of the cliff. It thus reveals the weaknesses of Holden's romantic outlook. The first time period was during World War II, and the second time period was during the 1960s. Jargon, like many examples of slang, may be used to exclude nongroup members from the conversation, but in general has the function of allowing its users to talk precisely about technical issues in a given field. If you get on the side where all the hot-shots are, then it's a game, all rightI'll admit that.
The Catcher in the Rye Chapters 5 & 6 Summary & Analysis | SparkNotes Idiom more than any other feature of language demands that the translator be not only accurate but highly sensitive to the rhetorical nuances of the language. By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. Little things, such as his interest with the ducks in central park and the glass cases in the museum were not just put in to the story to fill pages, it has meaning behind it. Latest answer posted February 26, 2021 at 10:56:04 AM. Holden annoys Stradlater by writing the composition about a baseball glove rather than about a room or house, as Stradlater had asked him. Thus when comparing stylistic devices we can easily identify complete correspondence, partial correspondence and even sometimes absence of correspondence and their functions. From this type of the translation difficulties used in this novel point out one of the main feature of authors style which is that the message of the novel could be better reproduse and easily understand by the reader. He also feels that it is his duty to protect others and himself from growing up. The mitt is representative of a "loss of innocence". The presence of the hat, therefore, mirrors the central conflict in the book: Holden's need for isolation versus his need for companionship. There are different types of lexical difficulties in translation and the main of them are: A polysemy is a word or phrase with multiple, related meanings. CLXXXVIII, No. Slang- is the use of informal words and expressions that are not considered standard in the speaker's dialect or language. He leaves abruptly, as though trying to escape the torment of his environment. When his parents return home, Holden slips out and visits his former and much-admired English teacher, Mr. Antolini, who expresses concern that Holden is headed for "a terrible fall". However, the story had reached a turning point and Holden was at the height of his preoccupation, therefore, he could not think on the directions, so he decided to write about a baseball glove. It is characteristic to English language the availability of words with wide spread meaning. and visits me practically every week-end. He is mad that he is not able to stop the kids from getting their innocence taken away. It may have various kinds of lexical meanings (lexical-semantic) variants; it may widen or narrow its meaning and make it more abstract or concrete. He thinks the line is If a body catch a body comin' through the rye, but the actual lyric is If a body meet a body, coming through the rye.. Holden has to be in the mood to do anything. He does not want to grow up because hes afraid of the unknown, or whats coming next in his life. For this reason, the translator plays an important role as a bilingual or multi-lingual cross-cultural transmitter of culture and truths by attempting to interpret concepts and speech in a variety of texts as faithfully and accurately as possible. Subscribe now. One should adopt a very cautious attitude toward these words or expressions so as to avoid interference and/or language misuse. I live in New York, and I was thinking about the lagoon in Central Park, down near Central Park South. Why is it ironic? Holden's definition of phoniness relies mostly on a kind of self-deception: he seems to reserve the most scorn for people who think that they are something they are not or who refuses to acknowledge their own weaknesses. Equally surprising is Holdens willingness to go to the movies after his diatribes against their superficiality. Save over 50% with a SparkNotes PLUS Annual Plan! But it is necessary to convey some very specific details from the original socio-cultural reality in order to remind the target audience that the source text is written in another culture. This type of code switching is translation proper, the object of Translation Studies. So it is the central. Not only poets and writers, but also journalists frequently create unexpected word combination that makes their statements significantly vivid and original. Other types are derivations from one of the other meanings that lead to a verb or activity. Hes trying to get across that Holden hates conflict, hes confused by Allies senseless death, and he fears interaction with other people. his brevity, conciseness and concentration of style; his attentiveness to details and to exact dates and facts; his constant reference to parts of the human body; his leitmotif of the letter or note; his constant way of picturing certain female characters painting their nails or toenail or the recurrent motif of a man holding a childs feet; his constant references to colors and the symbolism within colors; his penchant for coining new words or changing different parts of speech into others; his inclination of dealing with psychological problems in his fiction; his tendency to use the pattern of sequencesequence in his characters namesin his themes, etc. Slang is often to be found in areas of the lexicon that refer to things considered taboo. Start your 48-hour free trial to get access to more than 30,000 additional guides and more than 350,000 Homework Help questions answered by our experts. The symbols I have chosen display Holden Caufields emotions, actions, and way of life. Log in here. Its a fine book, with interesting racial perspectives and the conflict is about cultural differences. He asked him to write him a descriptive essay. An idiom or fixed expression may have a similar counterpart in the target language, but its context of use may be different; the two expressions may have different connotations, for instance, or they may not be pragmatically transferable. When Holden finally snaps and attacks his roommate, Stradlater easily overpowers him, and when he tries to seek refuge in Ackleys room, Ackley is so unpleasant that Holden cannot relax. His depiction of adolescent alienation and loss of innocence in the protagonist Holden Caulfield was influential, especially among adolescent readers. Romanian version imitates indeed the way teenagers speak nowadays and uses more colorful equivalents and expressions than the first version. An opaque expression may be easier to translate than a transparent one. Lexical peculiarities are the most important features of lexico-stylistic analyses and these features are very important for the reader in order easily to understand the whole content of the work. The most important patterns, themes and motifs in Salingers fiction were the centre of this chapter, but before embarking upon discussing Salingers literary trademarks, it has to be approached the issue concerning the controversy around Salinger and his ability to maintain his reputation in the context of his self-imposed reclusive lifestyle. . The straightforward approach to his novel caused a hurricane of controversy in America. Textual (syntagmatic) equivalence, where there is equivalence of the syntagmatic structuring of a text, i.e. The first point that would be discussed in this thesis is Lexical peculiarities which are one of the main characteristic of the defining the main features of the text. I shoot people in this hat.. A translator should not try to preserve the stylistic device given in the sentence, but reproduce its function in the target language. Holden realizes that society has become bad, and wants no part in this terrible life. What is a catcher in the rye and why does Holden want to be one? places where he either grew up or which he knew; his use of well-established symbols throughout his fiction; his unique approach of religious themes and his use of Zen philosophy; his attachment to and protection for his characters. Salingers works were generally written during two time periods. The scientists identify the next types of translation difficulties and these types are: The first step towards an examination of the process of translation must be to accept that although translation has a central core of linguistic activity, it belongs most properly to semiotics, the science that studies sign systems or structures, sign processes and sign functions (Hawkes, Structuralism and Semiotics, London, 1977). They are classified as : The first four are grammatical and the last one lexical. Nobodyd move. The interjection that was used by the author is Ohwell (J. D. Salinger:7)The interjection used by the author Oh it is possible to express various feelings such as regret, despair, disappointment sorrow, surprise and many others but especially this the author point out to the reader Old Spenser hesitation for giving a clear and interesting answer to Holdens question. Holden watches from the hill because he doesn't want to go down and see the students. 52) The red hunting hat is inseparable from the image of Holden Caufield, with good reason. While it is appropriate to discuss the novel in such terms, Holden Caulfield is an unusual protagonist for a bildungsroman because his central goal is to resist the process of maturity itself. In substitution, an item (or items) is replaced by another item (or items). His former teacher is needling him about his failures at Pencey; at this point, he lectures Holden about the importance of playing by the rules. The New Republic, Vol. Robert Coles reflected general critical opinion of the author when he called Salinger "an original and gifted writer, a marvelous entertainer, a man free of the slogans and clichs the rest of us fall prey to". He likes it when things are very simple and easily understandable. Salinger uses religion in his works to comfort them so that they can proceed on their quest to achieve happiness. He had been given an early acceptance to college and was starting the next semester. Salinger's portrayal of Holden, which includes incidents of depression, nervous breakdown, impulsive spending, sexual exploration, vulgarity, and other erratic behavior, have all attributed to the controversial nature of the novel. The mitt is representive of all these things.
Why Holden Writes Composition for Stradlater? - Literary Devices Those grammatical transformations maybe divided into following types: Substitution is one of the grammatical relations among the parts of the sentences. . The psychological battles of the novel's main character, Holden Caulfield, serve as the basis for critical argument. In The Catcher in the Rye, what does Holden mean when he says, "Don't ever tell anybody anything. The author used in his novel the comparison to show to the reader the variety and difference in Holdens thoughts. It is often subsumed under the general umbrella of 'relying on the context to disambiguate meanings', which, among other things, means using our knowledge of collocational patterns to decode the meaning of a word or a stretch of language. Their mysterious perseverance in the face of an inhospitable environment resonates with Holden's understanding of his own situation. Ian Hamilton adheres to this view, arguing that while Salinger's early stories for the "slicks" boasted "tight, energetic" dialogue, they had also been formulaic and sentimental. Intra-lingual translation or rewording (an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs in the same language). Another fight with Stradlater Feb 13, 2023 - Feb 14, 2023 This research paper consist of two chapters. Furthermore, it should be point out major differences in the translation of Salingers use of colloquial and taboo language in the English and Romanian versions, the Romanian version was the farthest because of its abundant use of euphemisms and euphemistic formulations throughout the book. Modernism as a literary movement is seen, in large part, as a reaction to the emergence of city life as a central force in society. Holden's deep unresolved sadness over the loss of his brother, a person he tells us was better than him, who should not have died at such as young age, indicates that he feels a sense of guilt over being alive. Such situations made the translators task and work tremendously difficult because they had to find ways of compensating the loss caused by the inability of recreating a similar effect in the TT because Romanian has a system in which words are written the same way they are read as opposed to English which has a different system. In the case of non phraseological rendering, there are two possibilities: one can opt for a lexical translation or for calques. J. D. Salinger used a lot of stylistic device which made the content of the novel more exiting. He goes to Mr. Antolini's because he feels he can trust and confide in himit seems to be his final chance to save himself. Ultimately Carl learns independence, to do with himself and the people around him. The Catcher in the Rye and J. D. Salinger were very popular among young people because his rich and fresh vocabulary, full of slangs, connected with the teenagers; in the Fifties, there were a lot of articles about The Catcher Cult. International words are words that are used in a wide range of languages in one or several forms. It is clear in the early chapters,. Language, then, is the heart within the bodies of culture, and it is the interaction between the two that results in the continuation of life-energy. Colloquialism is a lexical item used in informal speech; whilst the broadest sense of the term colloquialism might include slangism, its narrow sense does not. Most translation theorists agree that translation is understood as a transfer process from a foreign languageor a second languageto the mother tongue. His catcher in the rye fantasy reflects his innocence, his belief in pure, uncorrupted youth, and his desire to protect that spirit; on the other hand, it represents his extreme disconnection from reality and his naive view of the world. In the wake of Modernism, and post-enlightenment, meet narratives tended to be emancipator, whereas beforehand this was not a consistent characteristic. He is frightened because he is guilty of the sins he criticizes in others, and because he can't understand everything around him. (Chapter 16, page 121) Holden also mentions that he is troubled by the fact that he has changed every time he returns to them. After a dry and unappetizing steak dinner in the dining hall, Holden gets into a snowball fight with some of the other Pencey boys. A translation difficulty is a problem that could be met in the process of translation because a translation is the same text in a different language. It does not follow that a person proposing an explanation has any sympathy for the views or actions being explained. Some idioms are 'misleading'; they seem transparent because they offer a reasonable literal interpretation and their idiomatic meanings are not necessarily signalled in the surrounding text. As a result, he has isolated himself and fears intimacy. Then if he does it, he does it his way. What Stradlater did not expect was that Holden would write about his late brother's baseball glove. A) because he often drinks and drives B) because he views her as a sexual conquest C) because he has another girlfriend D) because he will likely make her pay her own way B) because he views her as a sexual conquest 300 Does Holden really dislike Stradlater? Another epithet that was used by the author in his novel is hardly ever listened (J. D. Salinger: 6) This is a reserved epithet because it is composed of two words linked by a preposition and it was chosen in order to point out to the reader that speech of old Spenser was not a clear one and not understandable one for the listener. Contextual meaning of a word in many instances depends on the character of semantic context, on the semantics of the words combining with it. Let us help you get a good grade on your paper. Michael Cart, "Famous Firsts. collected. Holden does not understand why Allie who was much smarter than him died. The many negative reactions were mainly caused by the social and political background of the postwar period, by misunderstanding the text, by misreading it, by associating the novel with famous criminals and the reading of the novel by the wrong audienceteenagers instead of adults. And hes also an important influence for writers as Harold Brodkey or the two Pulitzer Prize- winners John Updike and Philip Roth. The consequent need for a unifying function brought about a growth in the political importance of culture. Stradlater wanted holden to write it but he did not want to write it. In literature and writing, a stylistic device is the use of any of a variety of techniques to give an auxiliary meaning, idea, or feeling to the literal or written. Also after such investigations was pointed out all the types of lexical peculiarities in J. D. Salingers The Catcher in the Ray.. In The Catcher in the Rye, what does Mr. Antolini's quotation, from a psychoanalyst named Wilhelm Stekel, mean? In New Zealand there was a book called Pounamu Pounamu by Witi Ihimaera. Mr. Antolini advises him to begin applying himself and provides Holden with a place to sleep. This has been mainly achieved by the careful and analytical comparison of some identical passages from the ST with its translations. The modern world's general moral change and the individual's alienation from the society serve. I went down by a different staircase, and I saw another Fuck you on the wall. Polyseme in the same time is the capacity for a sign (e.g., a word, phrase, etc.) Type your requirements and I'll connect Besides, Im not going to tell you my whole goddam autobiography or anything. Already a member? From History to Procedures, Zainurrahman 2009; Breit, Harvey. Did you know that we have over 70,000 essays on 3,000 topics in our The quote also shows his viepoint on all adults. of The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. As it turns out, Ackley and Brossard have already seen the film, so the trio simply eats some burgers, plays a little pinball, and heads back to Pencey. One difficulty in translation stems from the fact that most words have multiple meanings. Salinger, the other novelty was the big critic of the society that it represented. One of those little English jobs that can do around hundred miles an hour. In translation, both the source language and the target one are important. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved, Essential Quotes by Character: Holden Caulfield. One of the fist stylistic devices that were used by the author in his novel The Cather in the Ray is characters speech. A word is judged to be polysemous if it has two senses of the word whose meanings are related. Home from his date, Stradlater barges into the room. In the case of the "hammer and anvil" idiom, a lexical rendering could be "to be in an uneasy, stressing situation". Holden is angry at his family for coping with Allie's death, he is angry at the world for continuing when his little brother died. Salinger. Holdens actions are inconsistent with his opinions, but instead of making him seem like a hypocrite, this makes him more likable: he is kind to Ackley without commenting on it, and he shows himself capable of going to the movies with his friends like a normal teenager. The following problem which demands careful consideration in lexical transformations of translation is problem of word combinability. It should be discussed cases of linguistic inconsistency in the Romanian version, such as the rendition of intonational stress. The wider is the semantic volume of a word, the wider is its combinability, thus due to this feature it can interact with various word forms and word combinations.
All Questions and Answers | Q & A | GradeSaver Ellipsis involves the omission of an item. your own essay or use it as a source, but you need Translation from English into another language is not just a simple substitute of words from the English language by the words from another language. The Romanian translation is obviously courageous in the choice of words, modem in the choice of vocabulary and linguistic register. Salinger. He resents society as he does not seem to be part of it, and looks for sense of real place for him, where he could focus more on his phoniness.
Salinger is one of the best twentieth-century America authors. But in real-world relationships, people talk back, and Phoebe reveals how different her childhood is from Holden's romanticized notion. The target-oriented means [to render] a source text in a form that is as natural as possible for the reader of the target text and that conforms to conventional usage in the target language and culture. In English language such unexpected word combinations are formed very easily. At the same time, he is very self-conscious about the hathe always mentions when he is wearing it, and he often doesn't wear it if he is going to be around people he knows. Holden is a 16-year-old boy who is struggling with the aftermath of his younger brother's death.
Catcher in the Rye - GCSE English - Marked by Teachers.com Written translation as well as oral one presents itself a complex and manifold process. There are a lot of Salinger pieces in the University of Texas, at Austins Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center rare books collection; although some contemporary critics see a clear progression in Salingers published works, they think that The Catcher in the Rye is so brilliant. ); Intensification of a feature (simile, hyperbole, periphrasis). Why wouldn't Holden be back to Pencey after Christmas vacation? Salinger uses religion as a means for liberation. Educators go through a rigorous application process, and every answer they submit is reviewed by our in-house editorial team. Lying and deception are the most obvious and hurtful elements of the larger category of phoniness. Theyre quite touchy about anything like that, especially my father. how my parents were occupied and all [].
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